What should be included in the assessment of the axilla during surgical procedures?

In the assessment of the axilla during surgical procedures, it is crucial to evaluate both the axillary nerve and lymph nodes. Understanding the anatomy and function of the axillary nerve is important because it provides motor innervation to the deltoid and teres minor muscles, as well as sensory innervation to the skin overlying the lateral part of the shoulder. This assessment helps prevent nerve damage during surgical interventions, which could lead to complications such as weakness or loss of sensation in the shoulder area.

Additionally, evaluating the lymph nodes in the axilla is essential for staging certain cancers, particularly breast cancer. The presence, size, and condition of these lymph nodes can provide vital information regarding the disease's progression and potential metastasis. This is particularly important when planning for surgical interventions, as the extent of lymph node involvement often dictates the surgical approach and whether additional treatments may be necessary postoperatively.

Therefore, including both the axillary nerve and lymph nodes in the assessment is critical for ensuring comprehensive patient care during surgical procedures.