What surgical procedure is used as treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Nissen fundoplication is the surgical procedure typically utilized to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) due to its effectiveness in addressing the underlying issue of acid reflux. During this procedure, the surgeon reinforces the lower esophageal sphincter by wrapping the top part of the stomach around the lower esophagus. This creates a barrier that helps prevent the backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus, thereby alleviating the symptoms associated with GERD, such as heartburn and regurgitation.

The choice of Nissen fundoplication is grounded in its role in improving esophageal motility and esophageal acid exposure. It is a well-established intervention for individuals who do not respond to lifestyle changes and pharmacologic management or who have severe GERD symptoms that significantly impair their quality of life.

The other options, while important surgical procedures in their own right, do not directly address the condition of GERD. Roux-en-Y bypass primarily serves as a weight loss surgery, cholecystectomy involves the removal of the gallbladder and is indicated for gallbladder disease, and hysterectomy is a procedure to remove the uterus, usually for gynecological issues. Thus, Nissen fundoplication stands out as the relevant and effective