Which adverse effect is associated with the use of ibuprofen?

Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, leading to decreased production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins play a crucial role in several physiological processes, including inflammation, pain sensation, and the maintenance of gastric mucosa. Moreover, they also contribute to normal platelet function.

One of the significant effects of ibuprofen is the alteration of platelet aggregation, which can lead to prolonged bleeding time. This occurs primarily because prostaglandins are involved in the normal function of platelets, and inhibiting their synthesis can impair hemostasis. Therefore, patients taking ibuprofen, especially over extended periods or at high doses, may experience increased bleeding risk, which is particularly concerning for surgical patients or those with bleeding disorders.

While fluid retention is an associated effect of some NSAIDs, it is not primarily related to ibuprofen, and increased heart rate is not a direct adverse effect. Liver damage can occur with the overuse of various drugs, including some NSAIDs, but it is less common specifically with ibuprofen compared to other medications. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals when advocating for patient safety and monitoring for potential drug interactions or side effects.